 |
|
Zhang-Sanfeng
was the famous Wudang
Taoist during the late
years of the Yuan Dynasty
and the beginning years
of the Yuan Dynasty.
It was said that Zhang-Sanfeng,
originally named Zhang-Quanyi,
nicknamed Sanfeng, born
in Yizhou City, Liaoning
Province was tall and
strong, with tortoise
shape and swan bone, big
ears and round eyes, hard
beards and moustaches.
He always wore a coir
raincoat and a pair of
grass shoes, no matter
summer or winter, lived
in the lonely deep mountain
or traveled in the crowded
city. He could remember
what he read just by one
look, talked nothing but
moral, kindness, faith
and filial piety. He could
talk with the gods and
understand Taoism, so
he could forecast the
future and solve all the
difficulties in the world.
He could live without
a meal for five days,
even for two or three
months; he could penetrate
the mountain and drive
the stones when he was
happy; he lived in the
snow when he was tired;
he traveled here and there
without any information,
so all the people then
were surprised at him
and thought him one of
gods. |
Zhang-Sanfeng was the
famous Wudang Taoist during
the late years of the
Yuan Dynasty and the beginning
years of the Yuan Dynasty.
It was said that Zhang-Sanfeng,
originally named Zhang-Quanyi,
nicknamed Sanfeng, born
in Yizhou City, Liaoning
Province was tall and
strong, with tortoise
shape and swan bone, big
ears and round eyes, hard
beards and moustaches.
He always wore a coir
raincoat and a pair of
grass shoes, no matter
summer or winter, lived
in the lonely deep mountain
or traveled in the crowded
city. He could remember
what he read just by one
look, talked nothing but
moral, kindness, faith
and filial piety. He could
talk with the gods and
understand Taoism, so
he could forecast the
future and solve all the
difficulties in the world.
He could live without
a meal for five days,
even for two or three
months; he could penetrate
the mountain and drive
the stones when he was
happy; he lived in the
snow when he was tired;
he traveled here and there
without any information,
so all the people then
were surprised at him
and thought him one of
gods.
Wudang Taoist medicine
cultivation has a long
history, especially the
inner medicine, which
is to cultivate the breath
into medicine so as to
make one strong, keep
healthy, and prolong the
lifespan by way of breathing.
Zhang-Sanfeng had a profound
cultivation in inner medicine,
he said in Ode to Big
Road, "To cultivate
the mood before cultivating
the medicine; to cultivate
big medicine before cultivate
the mind; when the mind
is steady, the medicine
will come by itself; when
the mood and character
have cultivated, the big
medicine will be in reach",
which figuratively explained
the progress of medicine
cultivation. He had written
many books on medicine,
such as, The Gist of Gold
Medicine, The Secrecy
of Gold Medicine, A Song
of Inner Medicine, Twenty-four
Principles of Rootless
Trees, Taoist Song of
Earth Element and Real
Immortal, which had been
published in the Ming
Dynasty. Later, the people
had compiled them into
The Full Collection of
Zhang-Sanfeng's Works,
with eight volumes.
Zhang-Sanfeng was not
only profound in medicine
cultivation but also in
martial art, especially
good at boxing and swordplay.
He, on the base of Taoist
theories, such as the
naturalness of Taoist
theories, keeping in a
humble position and so
on, had combined Taoist
inside exercise, guarding
skills of regimen, boxing
acts of martial art, military
sciences of militarists
into one, then created
Wudang Boxing, which is
with the inside exercise
as the body, attacking
as the purpose, regimen
as the first important
thing, self-protection
as the main principle,
and to defeat the tough
by a tender act, charge
the active by the still
movement, attack the opponent
with his own force, strike
only after the opponent
has struck. From the Ming
Dynasty, martial art world
have respected Zhang-Sanfeng
as the founder of Wudang
Inner Boxing and Taiji
Boxing. Wudang martial
art, through many generations'
succeeding and development,
has become one important
school among China martial
art, spread in the folk,
with a long and profound
influence.
During the beginning years
of the Ming Dynasty, Zhang-Sanfeng
came to Wudang Mountain,
worshipped Emperor Zhenwu
on Heavenly Pillar Peak,
and built a hut to the
north of Flag-stretching
Peak in which offered
incense to Emperor Zhenwu.
Then he built a hut in
another place, named Meeting
Gods Temple. He once said
to the seniors in the
mountain that Wudang Mountain
would be different from
that day. Later, the second
emperor of the Ming Dynasty
did order to build Wudang
Mountain at a large scale
and made Wudang Mountain
the head of the Five Famous
Mountains in China, naming
the Biggest Mountain.
In the twenty-second year
of Emperor Hongwu of the
Ming Dynasty, he left
Wudang Mountain without
any information. When
the King of Hunan Province,
Zhu-Bai worshiped Wudang
Mountain and could not
find him, Zhu-Bai wrote
a poem to him, A Poem
to eulogize Zhang-Sanfeng,
which said to the effect,
"Zhang-Sanfeng loves
gods. He drinks the water
from the clean river in
the morning, sleeps under
South Cliff in the evening.
He has cultivated Taoism
in Wudang Mountain for
many years, paying no
attention to the changes
of seasons and landscapes.
When I could not find
him in the bare mountain,
how sad I am! There is
only an empty hut left,
an old Taoist sleeps under
the pine tree."
In the 24th year of Emperor
Hongwu, Zhu-Yuanzhang,
the founder of the Ming
Dynasty, sent profound
Taoists to put in order
all Taoism in China. For
that Zhang-Sanfeng was
so famous, he specially
ordered them: "If
you meet Zhang-Sanfeng,
invite him to me."
But they could not find
Zhang-Sanfeng.
When Zhu-Li became emperor
of the Ming Dynasty, he
wanted very much to invite
Zhang-Sanfeng who was
famous and highly influential
among the folk to work
in the central government,
so he sent many men to
look for him many times,
but all ended in failure.
He himself had written
a letter to Zhang-Sanfeng,
which said to the effect
that: "A letter from
the Emperor to Zhang-Sanfeng:
I admire you so much that
I want to learn from you.
I have tried sending men
to look for you all over
the country, but you are
a profound god, full of
wonder and mystery, so
I couldn't find you. Though
I am not so clever and
special, I look forward
to meeting you day and
night. So I send envoys
again to look for you
with my letter, waiting
for your coming, so as
to express my faithful
feeling for you. On February
2, the tenth year of Emperor
Yongle." From the
letter, we can understand
his anxiety and admiration
feelings to meet Zhang-Sanfeng.
Had looked for him for
many times, but all ended
in failure; so Emperor
Zhu-Li ordered to build
Meeting God Palace for
Zhang-Sanfeng, copper
statue for him, and sent
officials to clean the
palace. That the highest
emperor built temple,
made statue, and offered
incense for a Wudang Taoist
was the only one in China
Taoist history.
|